A Long Way Gone Essay

Abby Leavengood HWL P. 5 9-26-12 A Long Way Gone Essay In Ismael Beah’s A Long Way Gone, violence and child soldier’s struggles is a major and common point. These passages were heart wrenching and difficult to get through. Beah went through a lot of hard times but he survived and pulled through with incredible strength and courage, even when that was not an easy thing to even think about doing. I believe that even though violence is an awful thing that no child should have to endure, I learned a lot through Beah’s awful experiences including war’s injustices and the importance of hope and courage.Ishmael Beah discovered that the only way he could continue on and stay remotely strong was through the use of drugs. I was able to understand that well not through my own experiences of course, but because I cannot imagine any other way of making it through those situations. Taking some form of drug to change your state of mind and allow you to zone out from your surroundings seems like a somewhat logical solution to enduring war as a 15 year old boy. I also learned how impossible it would be to not be addicted to these drugs and how painful the recovery process would be.Through Beah’s book, I also learned that the recovery process of some traumatic experiences can be a living hell. Breaking his drug addiction, learning to trust people again and stopping his persistent nightmares were not easy tasks. I am thankful for people like Ester and the other nurses for having a strong heart and will to help young people with these conditions. Child rehabilitation centers are truly amazing facilities. Dealing with children who have suffered severe, life altering, mental damage must be heart breaking and challenging.I admire the staff and especially Ishmael Beah for their persistence to not give up and their amazing courage. Finally, through Beah’s memoir, I learned that hope and courage can always shine through even the most challenging situations. Beah, who did not want to fight, held his courage throughout the war and never gave up hope, even when it seemed impossible to find anything positive. Ishmael continued on throughout his daily and impeccably challenging life. Yet, hope was there. It shines though all evil and hardships. I truly admire his courage. A Long Way Gone was an enormously inspirational novel.All of Beah’s violent experiences taught his readers about the effects of harsh war, injustice, the world outside of our own happy towns and most importantly the true power of hope and courage. He spoke eloquently and told the truth without sheltering his readers. I think my own personal gain from this book is quite amazing. Wars in small countries like Sierra Leone are not often talked about in the United States. So learning about them is an eye opening and valuable experience. Beah’s book teaches many prized lessons and shares exceptional insight into the world around us.

The effects of having a Facebook profile

Facebook. com was created in 2004 and has quickly become a college phenomenon. Lately, it has transformed from a small Harvard students-only project into an exclusive 600 million users strong social portal, offering a window into the people's lives. Facebook, on its most basic level, redefines social networking and allows users to create and maintain virtual profiles that contain personal, academic and contact information. In many ways, Facebook has impacted on the social life and activity of people. The most common effects of having a Facebook profile are the lack of privacy, getting into addiction and neglecting the real, social life. To begin with, one of the major effects of using Facebook is the lack of privacy. Facebook's profiles are full of personal information like who people are, where do they work, what is their favorite music, movie or book. What religion and political beliefs are they. Moreover, there is also information where do people live and study. People share much of privacy, not only with their friends, but with strangers as well. Users upload their photos, let others to recognize them, consequently let others to know where do they party or who do they meet. Not by accident people say â€Å"Show me your Facebook profile and I will tell you, who you are†. Another effect of having a Facebook profile is a problem of addiction to the social network. Indeed, people wake up on a Saturday morning with their cup of coffee, caressing their senses and relaxing their brains. Sitting at their desk and browsing on Facebook. They have 20 new notifications since the previous night, a few group invitations, a suggested page, 5 friend requests, few of which are unknown persons. What is more, they do it everyday, spend major time chatting, searching, poking people on Facebook. They stay indoors, plugged to the web, try to stay in touch with the news. Whether they realize it or not, Facebook is a real part of their lives, a real partner that they see for good morning and kiss for good night. The last but not least effect of having a Facebook profile is neglecting the real, social life. First of all, it is quite easy to become one of many who have virtual relationships and before people realize it, they start to treat Facebook as their everyday social world. This, often results in a fear of real life meetings, as people who type a million words online, can find it difficult to express them-selves in real life. Moreover, it is very common that people add other users of Facebook as their friends, barely knowing them and they pretend to have a lot of friends, when in fact, they know just few of them in real life. To sum up, Facebook is becoming more and more popular, virtual, gigantic social machine. But life is to live and there are thousand of things waiting for people in the real life, nevertheless, they still decide to live on a Facebook profile which strongly affects their lives. The major effects of having a Facebook profile are the lack of privacy, getting into addiction and neglecting the real, social life.

Lost Worlds Essay

Some Americans remember where they came from; others don’t. That’s the case in Daniel Chacon’s story â€Å"The Biggest City in the World†. It is a story about Harvey Gomez who is a Mexican American young man whose grandparents migrated to the Unites States from Mexico. Harvey has only been to Mexico once in his entire life and neither of his parents has ever been there before. Therefore he doesn’t know anything about his native culture or language. In this story Harvey travels deep inside of Mexico for the first time with his Mexican history Professor David P. Rogstart and gets exposed to its culture and language. On the contrary, Carolina Hospital’s poem â€Å"Finding Home† is about Mexicans who were born in Mexico and later migrated to America. When Harvey arrives in Mexico he tries to distance himself from the country’s culture. In fact, shortly after he comes out of his hotel room the first place that he goes to is La Zona Rosa because â€Å"The expensive shops, Gucci, Polo, Yves St. Laurent, relaxed him because they reminded him of Beverly Hills† (Chacon 58). Harvey is going to places in Mexico that he is familiar with back in the United States and is not trying to explore his heritage. Perhaps this is because he doesn’t feel like he is a Mexican and that he is only an American. After all, he was born and raised in the United States by parents who have never been to Mexico themselves. Harvey eventually gets exposed to ancient Aztec monuments when he runs into Professor Rogstart who is viewing stone carvings. As Harvey decides to take a closer look at the stone carvings, he is seeing history of his heritage and begins to compare it. Gomez wondered how many Aztecs were scared into believing in their gods, like his father tried to make him believe in Jesus and the Virgin Mary† (Chacon 60). He starts thinking how the Aztecs were raised up into worshiping their gods in Mexico and how his father brought him up into believing in God in America. Harvey learns about the Spanish Conquest of Mexico and begins to ask Professor Rogstart questions. He gives him honest answers â€Å"Rogstart, feeling a professorial obligation, explained to Gomez the meaning of each panel, each symbol, giving such fine details† (Chacon 61). During the explanation, Harvey feels a sense of pride in his heritage. You can tell that Harvey now wants to learn more about his past; however, he is still struggling to accept his heritage. As Harvey continues his journey in Mexico, he repeatedly distances himself from the Mexicans. Harvey is reacting this way because he is attached to money. That will soon come to an end as Harvey himself loses all of his money. â€Å"He slipped his hand into his pocket for his roll of bills† (Chacon 63). After he realizes that he is broke, he starts to panic. Harvey’s immediate reaction is to find his money no matter what it takes, but when he does not find it, Harvey starts to feel the same way the Mexicans did when they begged him for money. This is the first time that he feels this way because he was raised in America where money is a major influence in life. When it looks like it will be the end of his journey in Mexico, he discovers it is beginning. Harvey enters a taxi and tells the driver â€Å"Take me to the Zona Rosa† (Chacon 65). During the ride, Harvey is relaxed and begins to feel like a Mexican deep in his heart. When it seems that he is going to continue his denial, he tells the driver â€Å"Take me to Chapultepec Park† (Chacon 66). The cab driver is surprised and Harvey laughs telling him that he wants to explore Mexico. Harvey finally ends the denial of his Mexican heritage and goes on to explore Mexico. The poem â€Å"Finding Home† written by Carolina Hospital tells the story of how Mexicans who come to America try to find their heritage in the United States. Like many who migrate to America, the immigrants miss their country and are concerned about losing their culture. In contrast to Harvey Gomez, this poem shows that many Mexicans in America appreciate their heritage. â€Å"I have travelled north again,/to these gray skies/and empty doorways,† (Hospital 101). This shows that they miss their native country and are concerned about forgetting their heritage. Perhaps Harvey’s grandparents thought the same thing when they first came to America from Mexico. Regardless of their arrival in America, they want to return to Mexico someday. â€Å"I must travel again soon† (Hospital 102). Despite leaving their ative land they have respect for Mexico and will visit again. After the experience that Harvey had in discovering his heritage, I am sure that he will visit Mexico again. Daniel Chacon is clearly making a statement that Mexican immigrants whose kids are born and raised in America forget their own culture. In the story Harvey Gomez is denying his heritage and was embarrassed at times to admit that he is Mexican. This is because he barely knows anything about Mexico and doesn’t even speak the language. Eventually Harvey accepts who he is and discovers his heritage throughout the story. I believe that Chacon wants to demonstrate how important it is for people to know where they come from and not to forget who they are. Carolina Hospital indicates that Mexican immigrants in America continue to appreciate their heritage. In her poem the Mexicans are not embarrassed to admit where they come from. The Mexicans embrace their heritage and plan on visiting Mexico. I believe that Hospital wants to demonstrate that Mexicans immigrants do appreciate their heritage. However the fact is that no matter where people come from they must appreciate their heritage.

Background on non-invasive blood rheology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Background on non-invasive blood rheology - Essay Example (1) In rheology the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid remains constant as shear rate is proportional to shear stress. However, in a non-Newtonian fluid viscosity is not constant as shear rate and shear stress are not proportional. The plasma constituent of blood is a Newtonian fluid, while whole blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, because orientation and deformation of red blood cells result in changes of apparent viscosity at different shear rates. It is this aspect of blood and its constituents that relevant to clinical investigations. (1) Sedimentation is the rate at which the red blood cells separate from the blood plasma over time in clinical testing of blood. It is better known as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and high ESR is indicative of inflammation in the human body. Normal values are 5-15mm/hr, depending on the technique employed. Viscosity may be considered as the internal resistance of blood to shear forces. The normal values for blood viscosity vary depending upon the techniques employed in its evaluation. Higher blood viscosity is indicative of inflammation. Blood viscosity for a given shear value is dependent on the hematocrit value, plasma viscosity, ESR and rheological properties. The higher these values over normal, the higher are the blood viscosity rates over normal. (1). Changes in blood composition occur due to several diseases and conditions, which include anemia, malnutrition and dehydration, leukemia, heart failure, kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and blood loss due to trauma or surgery. Several blood tests play a role in the determination of these diseases and conditions and in tracking the efficiency of the intervention strategies. This is reason why blood tests are the normal experience during the initial clinical investigations and during the course of the treatment. (1). Anemia is a common condition that results from the deficiency in red blood cells, which is

Recommendation Report on the MDCM Board for Optimum IT Projects Essay

Recommendation Report on the MDCM Board for Optimum IT Projects Selection - Essay Example The team discussed the strategic goals of the company as part of the exercise and derived the strategic IT objectives from the same. Strategic IT objectives as derived from the Strategic goals of MDCM: 1. To create an integrated MDCM IT based network to achieve cost effectiveness and process efficiency. (SO1) 2. To increase use of the internet as a means of networking and communications for customers and suppliers.(SO2) 3. To focus upon IT consolidation by creating a single, centralized view of MDCM’s overall IT assets and capabilities and to develop a sophisticated IT capability which would speed up the information flow. (SO3) Methodology of the study: The team discussed the strategic goals of MDCM and arrived upon the strategic IT objectives. Further, the team studied the IT objectives and with due diligence exercises, arrived at the proposed IT projects to fulfill the strategic IT objectives. The projects have been coded for study and presentation purposes as P1 through P12 . However, the MDCM board being the final decision making body, the team arrived at scorecards and a proposed portfolio for the board to consider for deciding the optimum portfolio. Also, the team has discussed the dependencies among the various projects for effective implementation of the same. Criteria for making scorecard weightages: Based on due diligence and feedback from the corporate functional heads, the criteria for assigning weightages to the Likelihood of success or risk Vs the Value to the Business were determined as follows: Likelihood of success (L) criteria, coded as L1 through L6: L1: Technical standards: 10% L2: Skills, capability and training: 10% L3: Scope and complexity: 25% L4: Business alignment : 22% L5: Risk : 21% L6: Management capability: 12% Value to the business (V) criteria coded as V1 through V6: V1 : Financial return: 30% V2: Customer and consumer focus: 20% V3: Supply chain business benefits: 15% V4: Technology efficiency: 15% V5: Knowledge advantage: 10% V6: Work/life balance: 10% The Corporate heads and the ITPM team were asked to rate the each of the projects on a scale of 1 to 10 as to the Likelihood of success of each project and its value to the organization based on the strategic IT objectives as discussed above. For example, the ‘L’ scores for project P1 on X axis that is Likelihood of success factors are tabulated as follows: P1 Criteria 'L' Score weight Max Score relative value absolute value L1 6 10% 10 60.00% 6.00% L2 4 10% 10 40.00% 4.00% L3 5 25% 10 50.00% 12.50% L4 7 22% 10 70.00% 15.40% L5 8 21% 10 80.00% 16.80% L6 7 12% 10 70.00% 8.40% Â   Â   Â   Â   Total Value 63.10% Where, ‘L’ represents: The Likelihood of success of the given project ‘Score’ is the mean rating given by the ITPM team for the given IT project on the respective ‘L’ factor. ‘Weight’ is the weightage assigned to the respective ‘L’ factor ‘Max Score’ is the Maximum rating that can be given to a project for the respective ‘L’ factor. ‘Relative value’ is the relative rating of the project on the given ‘L’ factor. ‘Absolute Value’ is the weighted rating of the project on the given ‘L’ factor. Total Value is the total weighted rating of the project on all the ‘L’ factors. Similarly, the ‘V’ scores for project P1 were as follows: P1 Criteria 'V' Score weight Max Score relative value absolute value V1 7 30% 10 70.00% 21.00% V2 8 20% 10 80.00% 16.00% V3 6 15% 10 60.00% 9.00% V4 6 15% 10 60.00% 9

Strategy Issues in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategy Issues in Marketing - Essay Example Social media is a great marketing strategy for businesses, that being said, businesses need to analyze why it is important to utilize social media to promote a product or service. Questions such as, what are the business' needs, why they are using the site, and who are they trying to target are all relevant in deciding whether or not to incorporate an SNS to the business. Even then there is still a multitude of sites that offer social networking capabilities for different purposes which you have to decide on. The shift from individual company websites to using social media for business has been drastic. Through these sites, companies can get direct information from customers through blogs and forums, in turn, giving the organization the benefit of fulfilling the wants and needs of customers in a more efficient manner. With the reduction in expenses of marketing, by using social media, companies are able to focus the attention more on the customer and offer freebies or giveaways to ac company the social networking campaign. A huge drawcard for companies to advertise on social media is the fact you can tailor your marketing campaign to a specific group of people. By these sites collecting information about the people using them through special algorithms, companies can provide exactly what the consumer desires. The major benefit for business' is the cost saving of getting their company out there. Social media was extensively used in the presidential election of the US in 2008.

Mothers abusing prescrition drugs Research Paper

Mothers abusing prescrition drugs - Research Paper Example sociological perspective of drug reality is directly inverse in definition and explanation to what majority call â€Å"chemicalistic fallacy†, which explains that a certain drug causes a certain given behavior and that what we view as behavioral effects are linked with the drug mainly as a function of the drug’s biochemical functions reacting with the organism’s certain structure of its character (Barber 27). The effects of drug and related behavior are highly contingent, variable, and complicated basing more importantly on the social and contextual nature that a person is in as its easier to tell the effects of drug on a person compared to experimenting the drug on a rat which will have very little information on human behavior hence the importance of a social context comes out clear. In defining drugs the sociological aspects focuses on both the meaning of the drug and the meaning of drug experience although the definitions differ among societies, subgroups and subcultures existing within the same society. The society views drug differently according to its current use, in that a substance can be a drug in a specific social context and are something different in another. According to Barber (39), the sociological aspect on drug believes that anything can be termed as a drug not withstanding its biological or physical component. The society draws a clear line between drug addiction and dependence, it states that the addiction-dependence equation have two separable components: the direct drug’s physical action and the behavioral response of the people to the physical action of the drug. There is no automatic translation from one component into the other. Prescription drugs are mostly currently abused by women with a purpose of getting high as a means of relieving stress. The three classification of commonly abused prescribed drugs include: The Opioids including morphine prescribed mostly as pain relievers or pain killers, depressants of the central

Direct Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Direct Marketing Plan - Assignment Example At the present, Fears and Robinson family get bigger and they have more than 200 stores countrywide by the end of 2005. F&R quality goods are distinctive and elite and they have an unparalleled status for value and service (Block, 1992). By this verity, the organization anticipates to magnetize public that value the artistic quality of transporting flowers, offerings and further materials. As F&R creations are generally flowers and fashion accessories, they deem themselves to be in the trade gift market, though a quantity of customers buy the product for themselves. F&R's mission is to develop into a renowned name of value flora, chocolates and gift items delivery service in the United Kingdom. Fears & Robinson intention is to increase customer positive reception of these products and to furnish regulars with attractive unique arty beautifications. When we look using the marketing terminology, ... Raise repeat customers by 7%. Build an effectual pull operation and bringing in new consumers that are supportive in generating more orders. Erect customer trustworthiness by granting incomparable delivery services and a client-centric strategy. Targeting When we look using the marketing terminology, the advantage of target marketing is simple-effectiveness. Firm target advertising is a technique to more efficiently arrive at clientele. Target marketing is a healthier utilization of company most precious possessions, i.e. time and wealth, to produce supplementary profits. The target market procedure lets us to chop down these factions of people so one can better recognize how to get to consumers. One approach to carry out this is to form a target market outline. Fears and Robinson is focusing on flowers and gift accomplices, targeting females with middle-end and upper-end revenue as the end users (Larkin, 1992). The side view of the F&R buyer contains in the following topographic, demographic, psychographic, and protocol factors: Topographies The abrupt geographic target is the municipality of London, with inhabitants of 7,465,100 A 60 mile geographic region is in need of F&R's stuffs and services The overall targeted area resident is projected at 485,000 Demographics Womanly Matrimonial Have kids, but not essentially at house Age limit is between 21 to 35 years, with an average age of 27 Learning expertise further than high school Earning a collective yearly family earnings of 50,000 or greater Condominium or home possessor Psychographics: The manifestation of her home is a main concern Entertaining and demonstrating her habitat is imperative She makes out herself as ingenious, elegant and talented, but seeks justification

Marketing concept of British Gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing concept of British Gas - Essay Example nsive sales team for the company to increase the sales by cover larger areas geographically These philosophies were used extensively in the past but with time the trends of the industry have evolved. The consumers have become conscious of what they buy and are in constant search for the products which cater their needs in the most appropriate manner (Reibstein, Day, & Wind, 2009). Marketing concept is a theory to support the customer oriented philosophy. It aims to cater the customers in the most effective and efficient manner as compared to the competitors. This method of attracting customers and increasing sales aims at increasing the profitability of the customers in the long-run rather than in the short-run (Reibstein, Day, & Wind, 2009; Vargo, & Lusch, 2004). The marketing concept has evolved with the passage of time. The relevance of the concept has increased in the 21st century because of the increasing number of competitors. Entities have to ensure that the products which the y are offering to the customers must deliver more value to them then the value that was delivered when they used a competitor product. The marketers are of the view that maximizing the quality of the product and is increasing the product offering is not sufficient to gain popularity with the customers. The competitors can also somehow manage to offer the same offerings, so in the 21st century the sellers require ensuring that they acquire a competitive edge on the product of the competitor and offer something beyond to exactly cater the requirements of the customers. This practice will attract the customers towards the product (Reibstein, Day, & Wind, 2009; Drucker, 2007). INTRODUCTION TO BRITISH GAS British Gas Group is a global business which deals with diversified tasks related to...Amongst the utility providers British Gas is a lot more diversified. This is because the company adapts to the change in environment. It has distinctive capability to sustain the commercial agility. T he management of the company sticks to the vision that is set by the decision making of the company. The operations of the group are significantly stable because the group has a set direction and it also has the resources which are required for sustaining the company. CONCLUSION Application of the Marketing concept in the 21st century emphasizes on the importance of satisfying the customer needs to ensure that the marketing process is effective. The competition between the competitors is increasing in the industry. This requires for the companies to strive for excellence and acquiring cost advantage that will benefit the company in accomplishing its goals. The traditional concept of marketing comprised of targeting on improving the quality of products which spoke for themselves and improved the productivity of the company. British Gas is a company which operates as a utility provider in more the 20 countries. The group is showing renowned for its excellent services and this is a major contributor to the edge which it has acquired. It is renowned to offer the services precisely tom cater the needs of the customers which shows the application of Marketing concept by the company.

Logistics and Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Essay Example A proper integration of functional and cross functional activities on the basis of product flow is also required to further the supply chain efficiency. The answers to the following questions elaborate on these aspects of supply chain management. In the present day business environment firms can enhance their competitive strength by efficiently managing their supply chain. The typical supply chain in any manufacturing firm consists of various firms and agencies taking part in the purchasing, production and distribution functions of the firm. The objective of an effective supply chain management is to ensure that the costs involved in procuring the materials and components, cost of carrying the inventory of various materials and the cost of distributing the products to the end customers are reduced to the maximum extent possible so that the profitability of the company can be improved. In the process of improving the efficiency of the production process techniques like 'just-in-time' manufacturing system helps the firms to achieve the objective of cost reduction and minimization of production time. It is also important that there is an effective information flow between various supply chain partners. With the advanced informa tion and communication technology existing today it becomes easier for the firm to communicate with each other efficiently. This paper discusses some of the relevant aspects of an efficient supply chain management. 1. Critical Evaluation of the Contribution of Just-in-time (JIT) The JIT philosophy advocates the elimination of waste through the process of simplifying the production processes and elimination of piling up of inventories. Also known as 'lean production' JIT is a 'demand-pull' manufacturing system. Under this system each component in a production line is produced immediately as needed by the next step in the production line. In a typical JIT production line manufacturing activity at any particular workstation is prompted by the need for that station's output at the following workstation. In the JIT system demand triggers each step of the production process starting with the customer demand for the finished product at the end of the process and working all the way back to the demand for direct materials at the beginning of the process. In this way the demand pulls an order through the production line. The demand-pull feature of JIT production system achieves close coordination among workstations. The objectives of JIT are to (i) meet customer dema nd in a timely way, (ii) with high-quality products and (iii) at the lowest possible total cost. Contribution

Management in the news Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management in the news - Article Example Mr. Orr was brought in as an emergency manager to control the spending in the city. He was brought into the city after a successful search initiated by the State’s governor. His role was to develop appropriate plans to help address the financial emergency that was declared on Detroit city. He would also be responsible for negotiating labor contracts and sell city assets. On the contrary, some people on the council were against his appointment because he was not elected. 3. I agree with the governor’s move to higher an emergency manager because the city had failed in its mandate. In fact, the manager met the mayor to coordinate and help resolve the resolve the financial issues the city faced. There were also leaders who were optimistic that Orr’s success would mean that everyone succeeded. As a result, Orr resigned as a partner in the law firm he was working to serve as an emergency manager. 4. The outcome of the eventuality led to protests because of the implantation of the emergency laws on Detroit city. Their sentiments were that they did not play a significant role in electing emergency managers as other leaders in their city. It also meant that the manager would sell the city’s assets voluntarily without the people’s consent. Williams, Corey. Kevyn Orr, Detroit Emergency Manager, Extends Olive Branch To City Council. Huffpost Detroit, 25 March 2013. Web. 6 April 2014.

Rfid at the Metro Group Essay Example for Free

Rfid at the Metro Group Essay The market is mature and continually seeks innovative ideas to enhance competitive advantage -Highly capital intensive -Low to moderate labor intensiveness -Low margin; high volume – they take advantage of economies of scale -Characterized by high volume holding capacity controlled through Information Technology Company Facts Metro Group was Germany’s biggest retailer (250 stores, 10 warehouses, 100 suppliers) that operates globally in 6 divisions: Metro Cash Carry (wholesale), Retail (hypermarkets), Extra (supermarkets), Media Market and Saturn (consumer electronics), Praktiker (building materials), Galeria Kaufhof (department stores) -Metro Group (hereafter, Metro) is the world’s 3rd-largest retailer -Having the capacity to carry large volumes of inventory and have it adequately controlled and managed by cost efficient Information Technology resources Increased company international expansion overseas -Metro is seeking to improve product accessibility: Having products consumers want in locations consumers can find them easily oReducing shrink in the Supply chain oHaving little to no Out of Stock occurrences -Launched the Future Store Initiative in September 2002 to test different initiative aimed at improving all aspects of the customer experience Competitive Environment -Porter’s Five Forces o Supplier Power- Relatively low; products can be procured from many different places at low price. Products have low differentiation oSubstitutes- High threat with established companies such as Walmart, Tesco, and Carrefour in the same industry. Buyer Power- Moderate level of buyer power. Customers are sensitive to prices, brand names and are willing to investigate substitutes oBarriers to Entry- Relatively high- Metro is rather large and established as well as some of its competitors. Need lots of capital, innovative supply chain management strategy will be need to be able to compete. oRivalry- Moderate to high level of rivalry between the competition. Companies are investigating new way to improve product availability and cut costs Strategic Fit or Alignment -Metro’s supplier have not been implementing RFID as Metro would like i. e. Misplaced, low quality tags are a major issue -Metro’s IT subsidiary has aided in improving fit across the 6 independent sale divisions -There is a lack of fit between employees’ training and the mission of management to implement the RFID -Lack of alignment existent within Metro’s leadership as to whether or not RFID should be applied company-wide as the solvent for Metro’s supply chain issues -Hard Conclusions: Metro should develop an even more strategic relationship with its suppliers so that they are cognizant of how to implement RFID and that they maintain a certain level of quality; Metro should also train its employees on how to apply RFID within their tasks; Metro’s highest management should continue to utilize RFID but should also seek to improve its supply chain in the areas suggested by opponents of RFID RFID Facts -RFID contains at least two parts oIntegrated circuit- storing and processing information, modulating and demodulating a radio frequency and other specialized functions oAntenna- receiving and transmitting the signal Used in enterprise supply chain management to improve the efficiency of inventory tracking and management -Limited growth and adoption in enterprise supply chain markets due to advanced technology needed to implement it Metro’s Competitive Strategy -Metro is a leader in supply chain innovation through the use of the RFID system. Metro does not want to sacrifice quality over costs for RFID which: oReduces shrink because of great accuracy in inventory location oImproves on-shelf availability and reduces substitute purchases oReduces out-of-stocks by reducing poor store execution oImproves productivity and labor efficiencies by eliminating manual entries and barcode scanning -Strengths (Metro) oMore economies of scale oGlobal recognition and success Moving in a positive direction with innovative technologies.

Definition And Types Of Anxiety English Language Essay

Definition And Types Of Anxiety English Language Essay In order to understand the specific type of anxiety that learners experience in a foreign language classroom, it is important to first consider anxiety in general terms. As a psychological construct, anxiety is described as a state of apprehension, a vague fear that is only indirectly associated with an object (Scovel, 1991, cited in Tanveer, 2007, p. 3). Speiberger (1976, cited in Wang, 2005, p. 13) distinguished anxiety from fear by pointing out that although anxiety and fear are both unpleasant emotional reactions to the stimulus conditions perceived as threatening, fear is usually derived from a real, objective danger in the external environment while the threatening stimulus of anxiety may not be known. Spielberger (1983, cited in Wilson, 2006, p. 41) defined anxiety as the subjective feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, and worry associated with an arousal of the autonomic nervous system. More specifically, Morris, David, Hutchings (1981, cited in Wilson, 2006, p. 41) claimed that general anxiety consists of two components: worry and emotionality. Worry or cognitive anxiety refers to negative expectations and cognitive concerns about oneself, the situation at hand, and possible consequences, and emotionality or somatic anxiety concerns ones perceptions of the physiological-affective elements of the anxiety experience, which are indications of autonomic arousal and unpleasant feeling states, such as nervousness, upset stomach, pounding heart, sweating, and tension (Morris, David, Hutchings, 1981, cited in Wilson, 2006, p. 41, cited in Cubucku, 2007, p. 134). Trait Anxiety, State Anxiety, and Situation-specific Anxiety MacIntyre Gardner (1991, p. 87-92) identified three approaches to the study of anxiety, which are: trait anxiety, state anxiety, and situation-specific anxiety. Trait anxiety is an individuals likelihood of becoming anxious in any situation (Spielberger, 1983, cited in MacIntyre Gardner, 1991, p. 87). As trait anxiety is a relatively stable personality characteristic, a person who is trait anxious would probably become anxious in many different kinds of situations, more frequently or more intensely than most people do (Woodrow, 2006, p. 309). This approach to anxiety research has been criticized in that the interpretation of trait anxiety would be meaningless without being considered in interaction with situations because a particular situation may be perceived as anxiety-provoking by some but not by others although those people may have similar trait anxiety scores (MacIntyre Gardner, 1991, p. 88). State anxiety, in contrast to the stable nature of trait anxiety, is momentary and thus not an enduring characteristic of an individuals personality. It is the apprehension that is experienced at a particular moment in time (MacIntyre Gardner, 1991, p. 90). In other words, it is a transient anxiety, an unpleasant emotional temporary state, a response to a particular anxiety-provoking stimulus such as an important test (Spielberger, 1983, cited in Wang, 2005, p.13, and cited in Tanveer, 2007, p. 4). The higher the level of trait anxiety an individual possess, the higher the level of state anxiety he or she may experience in stressful situations (MacIntyre Gardner, 1991, p. 90). The state-anxiety approach to anxiety research has been criticized for asking the question Are you nervous now? instead of Did this situation make you nervous?; in other words, it does not the subjects to ascribe their anxiety experience to any particular source (MacIntyre Gardner, 1991, p. 90). Situation-specific anxiety re ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ects a trait anxiety that recurs consistently over time within a given situation (MacIntyre Gardner, 1991, p. 87; Spielberger, Anton and Bedell, 1976, cited in Woodrow, 2006, p. 309). Zheng (2008, p. 2) proposed that the three categories of anxiety can be identified on a continuum from stability to transience, with trait anxiety related to a generally stable predisposition to be anxious across situations on one end, state anxiety related to a temporary unpleasant emotional state on the other, and situational-specific anxiety related to the probability of becoming anxious in particular situations in the middle of the continuum. According to MacIntyre and Gardner (1991, p. 90), situation-specific anxiety can be considered as trait anxiety, which is limited to a specific context. This perspective examines anxiety reactions in a well-defined situation such as public speaking, during tests, when solving mathematics problems, or in a foreign languag e class (MacIntyre Gardner, 1991, p. 90). Facilitating Anxiety and Debilitating Anxiety Facilitating anxiety improves learning and performance, while debilitating anxiety is associated with poor learning and performance. According to Scovel (1978, cited in Tanveer, 2007, p. 10), anxiety, in its debilitating and facilitating forms, serves simultaneously to motivate and to warn the learner. Facilitating anxiety occurs when the difficulty level of the task triggers the proper amount of anxiety (Scovel, 1978, cited in Zheng, 2008, p. 2). In such case, facilitating anxiety motivates the learner to fight the new learning task; it gears the learner emotionally for approach behavior (Scovel, 1991, cited in Tanveer, 2007, p. 11). However, although a certain level of anxiety may be beneficial, too much anxiety can become debilitating: it motivates the learner to flee the new learning task; and stimulates the individual emotionally to adopt avoidance behavior which may lead to avoidance of work and inefficient work performance (Scovel, 1978, cited in Zheng, 2008, p. 2; Scovel, 199 1, cited in Tanveer, 2007, p. 11). Such phenomenon can be best described by the Yerkes-Dodson Law, which suggests a curvilinear association between arousal and performance (Wilson, 2006, p. 45). When represented graphically on an inverted U-shaped curve, the Yerkes-Dodson Law shows that too little arousal produces minimum performance; moderate arousal enhances performance and reaches a peak at the top of the curve; after that, too much arousal will again hinder performance (MacIntyre, 1995, p. 92). FIGURE 1 (MacIntyre, 1995, p. 92) Anxiety in Foreign Language Learning Language learning anxiety has been classified as a situation-speci ¬Ã‚ c anxiety, or a trait which recurs consistently over time within the given context of language learning situations, that is, the language classrooms (MacIntyre and Gardner, 1991; Horwitz, 2001). Horwitz et al. (1986) were the first to treat foreign language anxiety as a separate and distinct phenomenon particular to language learning (Young, 1991, cited in Wang, 2005, p. 16). According to Horwitz et al. (1986, p. 128), foreign language anxiety is a distinct complex of self-perceptions, feelings, and behaviors related to classroom learning arising from the uniqueness of the language learning process. Other researchers also proposed similar definitions. Oh (1992, cited in Wang, 2005, p. 16) perceived of foreign language anxiety as a situation-specific anxiety students experience in the classroom, which is characterized by negative self-centered thoughts, feelings of inadequacy, fear of failure, and emotional reactions. In a similar vein, MacIntyre and Gardner (1994, cited in Wang, 2005, p. 16) described foreign language anxiety as the feelings of tension and apprehension, which are particularly associated with activities in a second language learning context. According to Horwitz (1986, p. 126), anxiety centers on the two basic task requirements of foreign language learning: listening and speaking, and difficulty in speaking in class is probably the most frequently cited concern of the anxious foreign language students. On the other hand, Hilleson (1996, cited in Matsuda Gobel, 2004, p. 22), in his diary study, identified various types of anxiety related to different skill areas: the participants in his research demonstrated anxiety related to not only speaking and listening but also reading and writing. Although research into foreign language anxiety has been almost entirely associated with the oral aspects of language use, there has been a recent trend to identify the relationship between anxiety and other language proficiencies ((Horwitz, 2001, p. 120; Matsuda Gobel, 2004, p. 22). According to Tallon (2008, p. 7), while previous studies suggested that foreign language classroom anxiety is a more general type of anxiety about learning a second language with a strong speaking anxiety element, recent research on foreign language anxiety showed the existence of language-skill-specific anxieties: listening, reading, and writing. The Measurement of Anxiety in Foreign Language Learning Generally, there are three major ways of measuring anxiety in research, including behavioral observation; physiological assessment such as heart rates or blood pressure tests; and participants self-reports of their internal feelings and reactions (Casado Dereshiwsky, 2001; Daly, 1991; cited in Zheng, 2008, p. 3). According to Zheng (2008, p. 3), participants self-reports are by far the most common way of examining the anxiety phenomenon in educational research. Early Research on Foreign Language Anxiety As anxiety is a complex, multi-faceted construct (Phillips, 1992, p. 14), it is not surprising that early studies of the relationship between anxiety and language learning provided mixed and confusing results. Youngs (1991, p. 438-439) review of sixteen studies that examining how anxiety interferes with language learning and performance showed inconsistent results both within and across studies, and she concluded that research in the area of anxiety as it relates to second or foreign language learning and performance was scattered and inconclusive. According to Horwitz (2010, p. 157), Scovels review of the then available literature on anxiety and language learning can be considered a turning point in the study of foreign language learning anxiety. Scovel (1978, cited in Horwitz, 2001, p. 113) attributed the truly conflicting set of findings to ambiguity in the conceptualization and measurement of anxiety. He argued that since the early studies employed different anxiety measures such as test anxiety or facilitating-debilitating anxiety, etc, it was understandable that they found different relationships between anxiety and language learning. Some studies found the anticipated negative relationship between anxiety and language achievement, but there were also several studies which found no relationship, and positive relationships between anxiety and second language achievement were also identified. For example, in a research conducted by Chastain in 1975 (cited in Horwitz, 2010, p. 156), the directions of the correlations between anxiety (test anxiety) and language learning (course grades) in three languages (French, German, and Spanish) were not consistent, indicating three levels of correlation: positive, negative, and near zero. Backman (1976, cited in Aida, 1994, p. 156) examined Venezuelan students learning English in the US, whose language progress measured by a placement test, a listening comprehension test, and teachers ratings did not show a significant correlation with any of the anxiety measures. Kleinmann (1977, cited in Horwitz, 2010, p. 156) utilized the facilitating-debilitating anxiety framework to study Spanish-speaking and Arabic-speaking ESL students, and found that learners with more facilitating anxiety had a lower tendency toward avoidance behavior in the oral production of linguistically difficult English structures while there was no evidence that debilitating anxiety negatively influenced their oral performance. Horwitz, Horwitz, and Copes Construct of Foreign Language Anxiety It is essential to trace the development and subsequent use of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (Horwitz et al., 1986), as this instrument has been employed so widely (in its original form, or translated, or adapted) and with such consistent results since it first appeared. As it has been observed to be highly reliable (Horwitz, 1986; Aida, 1994; Rodriguez Abreu, 2003), I was interested in using it for my research. 3.2.1. Development of the FLCAS According to Horwitz (1986b, p. 559), research into the relationship between anxiety and language achievement had been held back by the lack of a reliable and valid measure of anxiety specific to language learning. She further stated that although teachers and students generally felt that anxiety is an obstacle to be overcome in learning a second language, the empirical literature at that time failed to adequately define second language anxiety and to demonstrate a clear-cut relationship between anxiety and language achievement or performance. She suggested that one likely explanation for the inconclusive results of previous studies was that existing measures of anxiety did not test an individuals response to the specific stimulus of language learning. The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale was developed so as to provide researchers with a standard instrument for such purpose (Horwitz, 1986b, p. 559). This self-report measure was claimed to evaluate the degree of anxiety, as ev idenced by negative performance expectancies and social comparisons, psycho-physiological symptoms, and avoidance behaviors (Horwitz, 1986b, p. 559). The author stated that the scales items were developed from student reports, clinical experience, and a review of related instruments. 3.2.2. Conceptual Foundations of Foreign Language Anxiety From a theoretical viewpoint, Horwitz et al. (1986, p. 127) argued that foreign language anxiety implies performance evaluation within an academic and social context. They therefore identified the three related performance anxieties: communication apprehension test anxiety; and fear of negative evaluation, which are believed to provide useful conceptual building blocks for a description of foreign language anxiety (Horwitz, 1986, p. 128). However, Horwitz (1986, p. 128; 2010, p. 158) also emphasized that foreign language anxiety is not a simple combination of these performance anxieties transferred to foreign language learning. Instead, it is perceived as a distinct complex of self-perceptions, beliefs, feelings, and behaviors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ arising from the uniqueness of the language learning process (Horwitz, 1986, p. 128). Communication apprehension was originally defined by McCroskey (1977, cited in Aida, 1994, p. 156) as an individuals level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons. According to McCroskey (1984, cited in Wang, 2005, p. 17), the typical behavior patterns of communicatively apprehensive people are communication avoidance, communication withdrawal, and communication disruption. According to Horwitz (1986, p. 127), due to its emphasis on interpersonal interactions, the construct of communication apprehension plays an important role in language learning. Difficulty in speaking in groups (oral communication anxiety) or in front of the class (stage fright), or in listening to or learning a spoken message (receiver anxiety) are suggested to be all manifestations of communication apprehension (Horwitz, 1986, p. 127). People whose typical communication apprehension is high tend to encounter even greater difficulty communicating in a foreign language class where they have little control of the communicative situation, there exists a disparity between learners mature thoughts and their immature foreign language proficiency, and their performance is constantly monitored (Horwitz, 1986; Horwitz and Gregersen, 2002, p. 562). The inability to express oneself fully or to understand others not only lead to frustration and apprehension in typical apprehensive communicators but also make many otherwise talkative people become silent in a foreign language class (Horwitz, 1986, p. 127). Test-anxiety, or the tendency to view with alarm the consequences of inadequate performance in an evaluative situation (Sarason, 1984, cited in Aida, 1994, p. 157), is also relevant to a discussion of foreign language anxiety because performance evaluation is an ongoing feature of most foreign language classes (Horwitz, 1986, p. 127). Some learners may inappropriately view foreign or second language production as a test situation rather than as an opportunity for communication (Horwitz, 1986, cited in Horwitz and Gregersen, 2002, p. 562). According to Horwitz (1986, p. 126), test-anxious students often put unrealistic demands on themselves and feel that anything less than a perfect test performance is a failure. Unfortunately, students who are test-anxious may suffer considerable stress and difficulty in foreign language classrooms since daily evaluation of skills are quite common and frequent in most foreign language classes. Moreover, making mistakes is inevitable in the language l earning process, and even the brightest and most prepared students often make errors (Horwitz, 1986, p. 128). Fear of negative evaluation, the third performance anxiety related to foreign language learning, is defined as apprehension about others evaluations, avoidance of evaluative situations, and the expectations that others would evaluate oneself negatively (Watson and Friend, 1969, cited in Horwitz, 1986, p. 128). Although similar to test anxiety to some extent, fear of negative evaluation is broader in scope in that it applies to any social and/or evaluative situation in which an individual worries about the possibility of being unfavorably evaluated by others (Wilson, 2006, p. 68). Horwitz (1986, p. 128) pointed out what distinguishes foreign language learning from other academic subjects is that language learners are continually evaluated by the teacher and may also feel they are subject to the evaluation of their peers. Unfortunately, learners who are highly concerned about the impressions others are forming of them tend to behave in ways that minimize the possibility of negative eva luations (Horwitz and Gregersen, 2002, p. 562). In foreign language classrooms, students with a fear of negative evaluation tend to sit passively in the classroom, withdrawing from classroom activities that could otherwise enhance their improvement of the language skills or even cutting class to avoid anxiety situations (Aida, 1994, p. 157). 3.2.3. Reliability and Validity of the FLCAS Horwitz et al. (1986) developed the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) as a 33-item self-report instrument scored on the basis of a 5-point Likert-type scale, from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Students respond to statements regarding their reactions to foreign/second language classes. Possible scores on the FLCAS range from 33 to 165: the higher the score, the higher the anxiety level. Items were developed from student reports, interviews with specialists about their clinical experiences with anxious language learners, the authors teaching experiences, and a review of related measures of anxiety. According to Horwitz (1986, p. 129), pilot testing of the scale with seventy five introductory Spanish students at the University of Texas at Austin demonstrated its reliability and validity. In terms of internal reliability, the FLCAS achieved internal reliability, achieving an alpha coefficient of .93 with all items producing significant corrected item-total scale correlations. Test- retest reliability over eight weeks yielded an r = .83 (p In one sample of 108 introductory students of Spanish, scores ranged from 45 to 147 (M = 94.5, Mdn = 95.0, SD = 21.4). Internal consistency, as measured by Cronbachs alpha coefficient, was .93, and test-retest reliability over 8 weeks was r = .83, p = .001, n = .78. Aida (1994) tested Horwitz et al.s construct of foreign language anxiety by validating an adapted FLCAS for students of Japanese. She aimed to discover the underlying structure of the FLCAS and to examine whether or not the structure reflects the three kinds of anxiety presented earlier. Her study, using ninety-six students of Japanese, yielded internal consistency of .94 (X = 96.7 and SD = 22.1), using Cronbachs alpha coefficient. The reliability, mean, standard deviation, and range obtained in this study were very similar to those of Horwitz (1986), whose sample was a group of students in introductory Spanish classes. FIGURE 2 (Aida, 1994, p. 159) Manifestations of Foreign Language Learning Anxiety Anxiety, in general, can have physical/physiological, emotional, and behavioral manifestations, and these manifestations can differ with each individual. According to Oxford (1999, cited in Williams Andrade, 2009, p. 4, and cited in Yanling Guizheng, 2006, p. 98): Physical symptoms can include, for example, rapid heartbeat, muscle tension, dry mouth, and excessive perspiration. Psychological symptoms can include embarrassment, feelings of helplessness, fear, going blank, inability to concentrate, as well as poor memory recall and retention. Behavioral symptoms can include physical actions such as squirming, fidgeting, playing with hair or clothing ¼Ã…’ nervously touching objects, stuttering or stammering ¼Ã…’ displaying jittery behavior, being unable to reproduce the sounds or intonation of the target language even after repeated practice. More importantly, behavioral symptoms of anxiety can be manifested in negative avoidance behaviors like inappropriate silence, monosyllabic or non-committal responses, lack of eye contact, unwillingness to participate, coming late, arriving unprepared, showing indifference, cutting class, and withdrawal from the course. Other signs which might reflect language anxiety: overstudying, perfectionism, hostility, excessive competitiveness, as well as excessive self-effacement and self-criticism (e.g. I am so stupid). Causes of Foreign Language Learning Anxiety Research has indicated a number of ways that learning a foreign language can cause anxiety for language learners. Young (1991, p. 427), in a comprehensive review, summarized the personal factors and instructional factors contributing to language anxiety into six categories: 1) personal and interpersonal anxieties, 2) learner beliefs about language learning, 3) instructor beliefs about language teaching, 4) instructor learner interactions, 5) classroom procedures, and 6) language testing. Generally, the six factors proposed by Young (1991) combine with other factors indicated by other researchers to form three main sources of foreign language anxiety: learners characteristics, teachers characteristics, and classrooms characteristics (Tallon, 2009, p. 2). Personal factors (Learner characteristics) Personal and interpersonal issues, according to Young (1991, p. 427), are possibly the most commonly cited and discussed sources of language anxiety. Several studies have discovered the link between anxiety and proficiency (Aida, 1994; Gardner, 1985; Gardner et al., 1997, cited in Zhang, 2010, p. 9). There are significant differences between high proficiency and low proficiency students in language anxiety level with the low proficiency students being much more anxious (Young, 1991). In a similar vein, Horwitz (1986) attributed anxiety to learners immature communicative ability in the foreign language. On the other hand, several other researchers argued that low self-esteem and competitiveness are the two significant sources of learner anxiety. Bailey (1983, cited in Young, 1991, p. 427) studied the diary entries of 11 students and reported that competitiveness can lead to anxiety when language learners compare themselves to others or to an idealized self-image. Likewise, Price (1991 , cited in Young, 1991, p. 427) stated that the majority of her subjects believed their language skills to be weaker than those of the others in class; that they werent doing a good job and that everyone else looked down on them. As regards to self-esteem, Hembree (1988, cited in Young, 1991, p. 427) implied that students who start out with a self-perceived low ability level in a foreign or second language are most likely to experience language anxiety. Krashen (1981, cited in Ohata, 2005, p. 5) also suggests that anxiety can arise according to ones degree of self-esteem as those students tend to worry about what their peers or friends think, in fear of their negative responses or evaluation. In addition, Gregersen and Horwitz (2002) examined the relationship between foreign language anxiety and perfectionism, and found some common characteristics between anxious language learners and perfectionists (e.g., higher standards for their English performance, a greater tendency toward pro crastination, more worry over the opinions of others, and a higher level of concern over their errors). The authors supposed that such characteristics may make language learning unpleasant and less successful for the perfectionist students than for others. Another personality trait that has a positive correlation with foreign language anxiety is shyness: Chu (2008, cited in Zhang, 2010, p. 11) affirmed that anxiety, willingness to communicate, and shyness function together to create a negative impact on Taiwanese students study of English. Learner beliefs about language learning, if erroneous and unrealistic, are also a major factor contributing to language anxiety (Young, 1991, p. 428). According to Tallon (2008, p. 4) when students unrealistic expectations about language learning are not met it can lead to negative feelings about ones intelligence and abilities. For example, the language learners in Horwitzs study (1988, cited in Young, 1991, p. 428): 1) expressed great concern over the correctness of their utterances; 2) placed a great deal of stress on speaking with an excellent accent; 3) supported the notion that language learning is primarily translating from English and memorizing vocabulary words and grammatical rules; as well as 4) believed that two years is enough time to become fluent in another language; and believed some people were more able to learn a foreign language than others. Such erroneous beliefs may make the students later become disappointed and frustrated. In addition, Horwitz (1989, cited in Tallon, 2008, p. 5) found a link between several language learning beliefs and levels of foreign language anxiety in university Spanish students: the more anxious learners judged language learning to be relatively difficult and themselves to possess relatively low levels of foreign language aptitude. Palacios (1998, cited in Tallon, 2008, p. 5) also found that the following beliefs are associated with learner anxiety: the feeling that mastering a language is an overwhelming task; the feeling that one needs to go through a translation process in order to communicate in the target language; the difficulty of keeping everything in ones head; and the belief that learning a language is easier at an earlier age. Tallon (2008, p. 5) concluded that all of those faulty beliefs may cause the students to have unrealistic expectations about the language learning process, and thus lead to anxiety. Instructional factors Teacher characteristics Instructor beliefs about language teaching, which determines instructor-learner interactions, are a further source of language anxiety because the teachers assumption on the role of language teachers may not always correspond to the students needs or expectations toward the him or her (Ohata, 2005, p. 7). Young (1991, p. 428) listed the following teacher beliefs which have been shown to evoke feelings of anxiety in students: it is necessary for the teacher to be intimidating at times; the instructor is supposed to correct every single mistake made by the students; group or partner work is not appropriate because it can get out of control; the teacher should do most of the talking; and the instructors role is that of a drill sergeant. According to Tallon (2008, p. 5), a judgmental teaching attitude (Samimy, 1994) and a harsh manner of teaching (Aida, 1994) are closely linked to student fear in the classroom. Besides, Palacios (1998, cited in Tallon, 2008, p. 5) found the following characteristics of the teacher to be associated with anxiety: absence of teacher support, unsympathetic personalities, lack of time for personal attention, favoritism, absence that the class does not provide students with the tools necessary to match up with the teachers expectations, and the sense of being judged by the teacher or wanting to impress the teacher. Moreover, Young (1999, cited in Tallon, 2008, p. 6) stated that using speaking activities that put the learner on the spot in front of their classmates without allowing adequate preparation are also sources of anxiety for many students. Additionally, Ando (1999, cited in Tallon, 2008, p. 6) argued that having a native speaker for a teacher can cause anxiety because the teacher may lack the sensitivity of the learning process or the teachers English may be hard for students to understand. Classroom characteristics Classroom procedures and other classrooms characteristics are the third major source of foreign language learning anxiety. Young (1990, cited in Tallon, p. 6) proposed a list of classroom activities which are perceived as anxiety-provoking: (1) spontaneous role play in front of the class; (2) speaking in front of the class; (3) oral presentations or skits in front of the class; (4) presenting a prepared dialogue in front of the class; and (5) writing work on the board. Similarly, Palacios (1998, cited in Tallon, p. 6) found demands of oral production, feelings of being put on the spot, the pace of the class, and the element of being evaluated (i.e., fear of negative evaluation) to be anxiety-producing to students. Notably, Oxford (1999, cited in Tallon, p. 7) emphasized learning and teaching styles as a potential source of language anxiety. If the instructors teaching style and a students learning style are not compatible, style wars can trigger or heighten anxiety levels. In addition, it is understandable that language testing may lead to foreign language anxiety (Young, 1991, p. 428). For example, difficult tests, especially tests that do not match the teaching in class, as well as unclear or unfamiliar test tasks and formats can all create learner anxiety. Effects of Foreign Language Learning Anxiety Foreign Language Learning Anxiety and its Associations with the three stages of the Language Acquisition process (Input, Processing, and Output) The effects of language anxiety can be explained with reference to the cognitive consequences of anxiety arousal (Eysenck, 1979; Schwazer, 1986; cited in MacIntyre Gardner, 1994, p. 2). When an individual becomes anxious, negative self-related cognition begins: thoughts of failure (e.g. I will never be able to finish this), self-deprecation (I am just no good at this), and avoidance (I wish this was over) begin to emerge. They consume cognitive resources that might otherwise be applied to the learning task. This then creates even more difficulties in cognitive processing because fewer available resources may lead to failure, which results in more negative cognitions that further consume cognitive resources, and so on. According to MacIntyre (1995, p. 26), anxiety can be problematic for the language learner because language learning itself is a fairly intense cognitive activity that relies on encoding, storage, and retrieval processes (MacIntyre, 1995, p. 26), and anxiety interferes with each of these cognitive processes by creating a divided attention scenario (Krashe

Pride, Gender, and Inaction in Antigone

Pride, Gender, and Inaction in Antigone Pride, Gender, and Inaction in Antigone The central theme of Sophocles play â€Å"Antigone† is the dilemma that one faces, in adhering to ones own conclusion or to abide by the existing laws of the land. The play highlights the fact that men have been bestowed with independent thinking, and have been blessed with the capacity to analyze situations; Man must therefore consult his mental faculties and think rationally before making a judgment. Therefore, the four major themes of the play Antigone are Pride, Gender, Individual versus State; Conscience versus Law; Divine Law versus Human Law, and Inaction. There is no question that pride, in Antigone, is a trait loathed by the gods, one that is punishable without mercy. Sophocles describes the type of pride that allows men to create laws that substitute for divine principles. When Creon creates a law because he believes it is divine will, it is the ultimate display of punishable pride, for no man can ever form a law that is equivalent to or greater than divine right. Consequently, when Tiresias comes with the news that Creon will be punished, Creon realizes that he has made an awful mistake, and yet still refuses to admit it. Creon bends to the prophets message only because he wants to save his life, not because he knows hes gone too far. As a result, Creon must suffer the loss of his family. Individual versus State, Conscience versus Law, and Divine Law versus Human Law are three major conflicts in Antigone that are closely intertwined. Antigone and her principles pair with the first entity in each conflict, while Creon and his standards line up with the second. Antigone is a risk to the status quo; she invokes divine law as justification for her actions, but is implicit in her position on faith. She sacrifices her life out of devotion to principles higher than human law. Creons position is an understandable one, for example, in the stir of war, and with his reign so new, Creon has to set an example by showing his citizens that his power is supreme. On the other hand, Creons need to triumph over Antigone seems to be tremendously personal. The order of the state is not only at stake after Creons mistake, his sense of self as king is also in peril after his detrimental mistake. Antigones sex has profound effects on the significance of her actions. Creon himself says that the need to conquer her is vital because she is a woman. By refusing to be submissive, Antigone defies one of the basic rules of her society. Ismene is Antigones foil because she is intimidated by the rule of men, she believes that women should be subservient to men. Ismene says that men are stronger, and for that reason must be obeyed. In due course, we see that she has naively bought into the problematic concepts that Creon adopted. When Creon realizes he may be incorrect, he changes his argument, he claims that if he was wrong, he couldnt confess that he was beat by a woman, for that would upset divine law more than reneging on his principles would. It is this original fabrication that Sophocles play seeks to correct, primarily through the retribution the Gods inflict on Creon as a result of his insensitive and sexist thinking. When faced with prejudice, Antigone and Ismene react quite differently. Ismene is not so much frightened of injustice as she is terrified of her own downfall, she cannot bear to incur the fury of men for fear of being damned to the same fate as the rest of her family. After witnessing her father and brothers death, she thinks that the best course of action is to obey. In the case of Ismene, it seems inaction is unified with fear, she then willingly offers to die next to Antigone, at which point we recognize that she is not so much inactive as she is uncertain of her position as a woman. Accordingly, while Ismene is characterized primarily by doubt, Antigone is one who plunges ahead purely on self-confidence and her firm convictions about right and wrong. In the end, its because of these fundamental differences in philosophy that they cannot die as one. In the end, it is apparent that Antigone has received the best reward. Upon her death, she is reunited with her loved ones, her mother, her father, her brothers and even her affianced, Haemon. The fact that Haemon takes his life after Antigones death solidifies the idea that the gods truly are rewarding Antigone. While her family members are already present in the afterlife, her death robbed her of her adored spouse to be and â€Å"Denied [her] part in the wedding songs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but this rejection is undone upon the death of Haemon. Creon and Ismene, with their narcissistic intentions, are both left alone and are eventually punished for their self-serving actions. While both Creon and Ismene experience the loss of family and must live out their lives in isolation, Creons punishment is fueled by the fact that his community loses admiration for him and soon after, his empire is taken over by a second war, leaving his life in complete ruin. Works Cited Sophocles. â€Å"Antigone.† Literature and the Writing Process. Ed. Elizabeth McMahan, Susan X Day, Robert Funk. 8th Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice, 2007. 738-773.

Innovation Process of Amazon Kindle Essays -- Business, Online Store

INTRODUCTION Amazon.com entered the UK market as Amazon.co.uk on October 1998 by acquiring the site previously operated by Bookpages Ltd. The company began as US online book store in 1994. The retailer soon became very successful in the new market as its primary offer included over 1.4 million book titles, comprehensible search tools, secure transaction, direct shipping and also high discounts on thousands of popular books (Amazon, 1998). During 17 years of its presence on the market, Amazon offers various products and services including books, DVD, jewellery, electronics, furniture, , clothes, cosmetics, digital downloads, website development etc. (Datamonitor, 2010). Amazon significantly extended its product offer and currently is one of the leading online retailers in the world with several international websites and customers in over 200 countries. Amazon Kindle is one of Amazon’s recent remarkable products. Kindle is a portable device which allows user to read, download, and store e-books due to its wireless connection and internal memory (Amazon, 2009). The first version was originally launched in US market in 2007 and achieved success as sold out in five and a half hours (Patel, 2007). Later, Kindle has been through several upgraded versions; Kindle original, Kindle 2, Kindle DX, Kindle DX Graphite, and the most recent version Kindle 3 with improvements mostly on the shape, contrast, memory capacity, and operating system. Earlier versions of Kindle had been criticized for its aesthetic and user interface issues. Reviews from customers and gadget experts motivated Amazon to further improve the product. Kindle 3 was officially launched in July 2010. This new generation of Kindle is available in two options of connectivity;... ...cessfully established its position as market leader. This should be maintained with continuous and substantial improvement. Currently Kindle 3 operates in grayscale mode and it is potential for the company to develop the color version in the future. One thing need to be improved is its pricing strategies. The company should avoid reducing price on every new version as it could affect customer expectation and product value perception. Customer-oriented pricing strategies can be used in the future to establish Kindle standard price. This could be achieved by understand how customer use the product, the product benefit for customers, and estimate all relevant cost and compare how the product benefits offset these costs (Shiu, 2011b). This is an important point to consider in order to achieve sustainable position as the leading innovative e-book reader in the market.

Toni Morrisons Sula - Female Struggle for Identity Essay -- Sula Ess

The Female Struggle for Identity in Sula   Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel Sula by Toni Morrison exemplifies the new feminist literature described by Helene Cixous in "The Laugh of the Medusa" because of the final portrayal of the two main characters Nel and Sula.   However, it is clear throughout the novel that both Cixous's and Gilbert and Gubar's descriptions of women characters are evident within this novel.   The traditional submissive woman figure paradoxically is set against the new woman throughout the novel.   It is unclear whether the reader should love or despise Sula for her independence until the very last scene.   Although both the perspectives of Cixous and Gilbert/Gubar are evident within the text, ultimately it is the friendship of the two women that prevails and is deemed most important.   This prevailing celebration of womanhood in all of its dualistic and mysterious aspects is exactly what Cixous pushes women writers to attempt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First there is the presence of the old stereotypical woman character, a woman split between the conventional and nontraditional roles of women.   No differences are apparent initially between Morrison's Sula and any other women's literature in the past.   Women are depicted either as docile servants to men, like Nel, or ball-busting feminist monsters like Sula.   The hidden aspect of the novel lies underneath these stereotypical surface roles, in the incomprehensible and almost inappropriate bond of the two women.   In the final scene of Sula, Nel comes to the realization that the emptiness inside her is due to the loss of Sula, not Jude (Morrison 174).   Her friendship with Sula is all that matters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The development of a feminist reading from the perspective of Gilbert and Gubar... ... but instead reunites the two women's spirits.   "We was girls together," Nel says, and it becomes clear the importance of this revelation to her.   She cries "circles and circles of sorrow" for the lost itme between herself and Sula (Morrison 174).   Perhaps she also cries for a whole history of lost women seperated by societal functioning and a world built my men.    Works Cited   Cixous, Helene. "The Laugh of the Medusa."   The Critical Condition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends.   Ed. David H. Richter.   Boston:   Bedford Books, 1998. 1453- 66.   Gilbert, Sarah M. and Gubar, Susan.   "From the Infection in the Sentence: The Woman Writer and the Anxiety of Authorship."   The Critical Condition: Classic Texts andContemporary Trends.  Ã‚   Ed. David H. Richter.   Boston: Bedford Books, 1998.   1361-74.   Morrison, Toni.   Sula.   New York:   Plume Printing, 1982.

The Differences of Bush and Clinton as Presidents

â€Å"As a traditional upper-class Republican conservative, Bush was a cheerleader for American consumer capitalism and promoted globalization of American-produced products in a â€Å"New World Order† safeguarded by the Reagan Doctrine and arms sales to client countries. However, neither Bush nor Secretary of State Baker had â€Å"the vision thing† and instead remained pragmatic caretakers of the Reagan Revolution. The economic recession 1990-92, white collar downsizing, the loss of 2 million jobs, the need to raise taxes to pay for the Reagan deficit, and a hostile Congress controlled by the Democratic Party prevented the realization of the new order.† In 1989, Bush stopped the sales of weapons to the Republic of China because a revolt was triggering between the government of China and its people that there was a lot killed in Tiananmen Square. In 1990, the President was in favor of increasing the taxes paid by the employees so that they can cope up with the increasing debts of U.S. but with this, his popularity started to sink because people knew that he was against it. Several other factors were key in his defeat, including siding with Congressional Democrats in 1990 to raise taxes despite his famous â€Å"Read my lips: No new taxes† pledge not to institute any new taxes (Wikipedia, 2005). That was one of the reasons why he was not re-elected as president. William Jefferson Clinton became the 42nd President of the United States since 1993 until 2001. He was elected as the president twice but on his second term he was for impeachment. According to Wikipedia 2005: â€Å"During his tenure as president, his domestic priorities included efforts to create a universal healthcare system, upgrade education, to restrict handgun sales, to strengthen environmental regulations, to improve race relations, and to protect the jobs of workers during pregnancy or medical emergency. His domestic agenda also included more conservative themes such as reforming welfare programs, expanding the â€Å"War on Drugs†, and increasing law enforcement funding. Internationally, his priorities included reducing trade barriers, preventing nuclear proliferation, and mediating the Northern Ireland peace process and Israeli-Palestinian conflicts.† What is fact and what is a bias opinion as it relates to the two administrations? There was a statistics made by Ackman (2004) on the relation of the president's performance during their term. As summarized, Bush was ranked the least because of his poor performance. And Clinton was ranked higher that Bush because he performed well during his term especially his first term. According to Ackman (2004): â€Å"Clinton's two terms in office (1993-2001) were marked by strong numbers for gross domestic product (GDP) and employment growth and especially for deficit reduction.† â€Å"The key to Clinton's success, says Alice Rivlin, a Brookings Institution scholar who served as his director of management and budget, was adhering to the â€Å"pay/go† agreement first forged by President George H. W. Bush and a Democratic Congress, whereby tax cuts or entitlement increases had to be funded on a current basis. She says Clinton raised taxes at just the right time–when incomes were starting to rise after years of stagnation–leading to a surge of receipts. The result was the smallest government in terms of its percentage of GDP since Johnson, and the first substantial budget surpluses since Harry S. Truman. † How the public viewed Clinton and Bush both pro and con? During the term of Bush, people hoped for security and prosperity and he was able to attain the security but a slight below of the progress maybe because of his concentration on the foreign policy. As according to the online source, http://americanhistory.si.edu/presidency/timeline/pres_era/3_701.html: â€Å"Bush proved most sure-footed in foreign policy, where, according to one observer, he proved a master of both â€Å"timing and substance.† More widely traveled than any other President, he managed the policy transitions prompted by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. Perhaps his greatest success was the alliance he crafted to thwart Iraq's forceful takeover of Kuwait in 1990.† During the first term of Clinton, he won the masses because he worked hard and implemented some of his platforms but then there were some objections on his other decisions. Such examples are, based on Wikipedia (2005): â€Å"Shortly after taking office, Clinton fulfilled a campaign promise by signing the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, which required large employers to allow their employees to take unpaid leave because of pregnancy or serious medical condition. While this action was popular, Clinton's initial reluctance to fulfill another campaign promise relating to the acceptance of openly homosexual members of the military garnered criticism from both the left (for being too tentative in promoting gay rights) and the right (for being too insensitive to military life). After much debate, Clinton implemented the â€Å"Don't ask, don't tell† policy, which remains official military policy.† Did the media treat them each fairly and without bias? With President George H. W. Bush, the media treated him fairly during his administration. Regarding the taxes he imposed, the public did not clearly understand the reason for increasing and adding the tax that was one of the concerns of the people, they relied on the media's information but not directly to the authorized personnel. With President Bill Clinton, the media did treat him fairly during his administration and how he handle his office but then when news about his affair with Monica Lewinsky, he was not treated fairly, they judged them on what they think is due to him without due process that was one of the reason why his popularity had dropped. But even if he was under hot situation he did not leave his office, he continued to work and he proved that his personal life will not affect his service to the people. What legacy did and will they each leave? During the term of Bush, major event has happened with the help of the United States such as the Tiananmen Square where he stopped the sales of weapons because of the civil war. The fall of Berlin Wall, this was participated by different countries including the U.S. And most especially the Gulf War where in they initiated the attacked of American to Iraq for trying to invade Kuwait. The last legacy during his term that he left was he organized the â€Å"North American Free Trade Agreement† but it was Clinton, during his term that it was signed. The most important item on Clinton's legislative agenda, however, was a complex health care reform plan, the result of a task force headed by Hillary Clinton, aimed at achieving universal coverage (Wikipedia, 2005). The health care program will benefit most of the Americans but insurances and some traditionalists do not like the idea of this reform plan. The economy improved because unemployment were reduced, the stock market raised and the employees income were raised. But then, it will also be noted that Clinton was the 2nd President who went through impeachment because of what happened between him and one of his staff â€Å"Monica Lewinsky†. At first he denied it but soon he accepted it and asked for the people's mercy.

Ethical Considerations for Teachers Essay

Ethics and its essential considerations ar fundamentals of human nature. Just the likes of in any field of profession, the principles idler ethics atomic number 18 of undeniable importee to the educational setting. This is basic every last(predicate)y payable to the image that the give lessonsers and the rest of teaching passkeys be the ones who stoop the thoughts, values and even conducts of the young ones. much(prenominal) characterize seduces an enormous responsibility for instructors to ideally shape the future members of the society thence it is expected of them to correctly practice what they teach or preach.Beyond the theories, respectable considerations ar of utmost importance in the mathematical operation of the teaching profession. It is essential to take aim out honorable ideas in manners that argon practically acceptable to human attri exceptes. Teachers are required to impart moral principles to their students. However, it result of all time be th e educators innate characters and item-by-item behavior which spell the difference in eventually producing respected or morally upright persons. In determine to travel along up with an ideal educational system, therefore, it is bouncy not to just adhere but also perish up to conductful ethical considerations.In an educational setting, members of the scholarship organization particularly teachers are suppose follow or exercise peculiar(prenominal) ethical considerations. This is because there is a continual struggle between a teachers personal interest and captain commitment. Citing May (1990), this situation was emphasized by Smith (1996) who said that teachers are al ways susceptible to their single concern as well as dedication to live up and maintain the dignity of the academician field.In effect, such conflicts have resulted into relevant ethical dilemmas that have inevitable implications to other(a) learning victors, the students and ones decree to the teachi ng career (Smith, 1996). In order to address, if not resolve the issue, Smith mentioned the suggestions make by May. That is, there is a command to recognize and even reiterate solid ethical considerations which teachers are responsible of. These allow the sincere manifestation of respect for any colleague or student as an individual.Truthful communication and encouraging others assurance are also the needed ethical considerations. Most importantly, it is fundamental for teachers to help create just and caring cultural and favorable structures that uphold the benefit of all passel inside the educational organization (Smith, 1996). To carry out such ethical considerations, teachers are also required to perform some(prenominal) standards of professional communication. It is required for teachers to help their respective organizations to achieve their academic goals.Educators also need to exert additional efforts for the respective professional and individual enhancements of the ir colleagues and students. The ethical consideration of professional interaction likewise calls for teachers kindness as well as comprehensive and levelheaded evaluation of functions of students and co-teachers. Lastly, teachers need to perform their roles in manners that support and even get over the principles of ethical considerations (Smith, 1996).When the said ethical considerations are incorporated on existing educational policies, students will be completely empowered and provided with ideal instructional materials thus preventing teachers from providing documents removed the required curriculum. Students will also be assured of a teachers presence resulting to better education. The carrying out of examinations and reservation of grades will happen in ways beneficial both to teachers and students. In doing all these considerations, the educational setting is sure to typify a successful professional condition and effective relationship between teachers and students (Smi th, 1996). alike to any other professions, ethical considerations are of extreme relevance to the educational environment. Therefore, it is observational to realize the individual behavior of teachers. This is due to the underlying principle that what teachers do and how such activities are performed are sure to ultimately affect all the people within the educational setting.ReferenceSmith, R. M. (1996). Essential ethical considerations in education. Retrieved February 6, 2009, from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa3673/is_n1_v117/ai_n28677142/pg_4? tag= essencecol1

How to Develop Self Confidence

How to Develop ego trustfulness By andre7514, eHow Member boosting ego trust. User-Submitted Article Do you wanna develop to a greater extent arrogance? Do you wanna be booming with spiritedness and populate? get wind this word for great tips on how to be self-assured and pop off a pro at confidence. Difficulty passably Easy book of instructions Things Youll Need New Clothes Haircut grinning 1. 1 increasing self confidence everyday Being able to give out self confident slew assume you many places. study to simulated a smile every metre you are around people, even if you dont notion you train to. This leave show people that you concerned and a friendly soulfulness. . 2 nurse on clothes. Keep yourself get a lineing good, whether its making your cop quality good, stealing a impertinent issuefit, getting virgin shoes, or etc. 3. 3 build self confidence. Al slipway, look straight ahead and do not look down, dont look around smack self conscious of what everyone thinks. Think confirmatory thoughts some yourself. 4. 4 confidence and self esteem. Pretend that you hunch forward the people that you meet. You female genitalia fake it until you bump off it Give the concept that you are very affable and bash to meet people. Give the impression to people that you are a great soul to be around, wherever you go.Get out thither and show people how great and confident you are www. lumosity. com Ads by Google Tips Warnings Learn to fake a smile daily. Always harbour your image beautiful and updated. Always look straight and think positive thoughts. Read more How to Develop egotism trustfulness eHow. com http//www. ehow. com/how_2254894_develop-self-confidence. htmlixzz16t1v2O14 How to Increase Self Confidence By cobrakai, eHow Member User-Submitted Article Self confidence is vital to be thriving in a relationship, the workplace and truly life in general.Theres no demand way to measure self confidence, notwithstanding ther e are proven ways to increase self confidence. Difficulty Moderately Easy Instructions 1. 1 tilt or remove the negative components that overreach your life. Dont let others bog down your life and keep you from reaching the success you tolerate in front of you. Recon negative environmental factors in your life that influence how you thumb about(predicate) yourself. Sometimes this will beggarly shedding bad friends from your life or even making a substantial new lurch in your social circle. 2. 2 My next step or tool for you to become confident is to depart what you can. Looks are not as substantial to mature adults as many think, barely what we do with our looks does matter. You may never fox the celebrity looks, solely you can earn the best with what you were given. Go to the gym, or run, or do yoga. Anything that will make you feel better about yourself and your body. Dont complain that you throw away no boyfriend/girlfriend nonetheless youre overweight or spend no ti me taking care of yourself. Dont do it for anyone else, do it for yourself. Self confidence will only go up if you can look in the mirror and receipt youre giving it your all. 3. 3 Quit procrastinating in your life.Well what does procrastination have to do with soulfulness being becoming confident you baron ask? You cant build a game state of confidence if youre stressed out because you waited to the last minute to do a college essay or pay the electric automobile bill. Theres so many examples I could shoot down out, but the less you leave coin bank the last minute, the more you have time for the fun stuff in life. pains is a confidence killer. 4. 4 get something that makes you feel hot about yourself. You know that feeling you get when you have on a sensitive shirt, some straightlaced jeans or ladies a really nice outfit that meet makes you feel titillating about yourself?You wear that outfit to work, or school or with that special someone, you just feel and do better t hat day. That is simple self confidence. Theres no need to go change your wardrobe and only buy really expensive clothes, but everyone should have one outfit that they can roam on to give themselves a precise extra pep in their step. 5. 5 Remember that you like yourself and youre always spirit for ways to improve yourself. When I stumbled upon self compliments, I turned a new page in my quest to become a more confident person. either day tell yourself that you like yourself or that you are a great person 10 times.EVERY DAY. Itll become habit aft(prenominal) awhile and itll become cemented in your sub-conscious and your self confidence will multiply by leaps and bounds. You have to like yourself first and initiatory before you can care how anyone else feels about you. Just simply look at the amount of celebrities who have all the fame and money, but yet run their lives into the ground with drugs or alcohol because they dislike themselves. 6. 6 free yourself and others. I had t o let go of a lot of bad feelings I had about what Id done/not done in my past and how others treated me in my past.You cant change the past and itll only keep your turn over limited if you keep harboring bad feelings. discharge yourself and others. Let yourself find peace and youll make room for more self confidence in your life. 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Tanah Lot in Report Text

Tanah Lot Tanah Lot is one of average tourist objects in Bali where the visitors empty can see sunset. Tanah Lot located in Beraban, Tabanan Regency. Tanah Lot as famous as Bedugul. how There are two shrines above a big stone.Text is a thing.This mountain right side is correlating the shrine and land. The form of this highest mountain side is curve as a bridge. Tanah awful Lot is famous with its beautiful sunset. Usually, people can vacant see a sunset at 05.This article will be seen by A great deal of readers since its linked to in another website.

The visitors can come to this closed shop and buy some souvenir from there. The exact location of Tanah Lot is not far from Kuta.It premier jus needs about 30 up to 40 several minutes by using a car. Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) Cultural public Park is one of tourist ojects in Bali.Typically, people best can observe a sunset in 05.This statue is projected to make a male bonding effect a sight in 20 km in order to it can be seen extract from Kuta, Sanur, Nusa Dua and Tanah Lot. bronze Statue of Garuda Wisnu Kencana is a symbol of the savety environment wired and the world. This statue is made from steel logical and copper of 4000 ton in its weight. It has 75 metres in its altitude logical and 60 metres in its width.Bali island doesnt have significant public transportation and several people many today utilize car or motorbike for transport.

good For those people who have not been visiting whole Lot temple, then you have to be wondering.Moreover, theres a Hindu temple in the center of woods.Its among those important true vertical temples in Bali.The software is free for chorus both private and industrial usage.

The service provides an easy-to-understand layout.Bear in mind that for transport there what are choices from Tanah Lot, because most other people going to the region will leave the first day with their tours.The place is presently called as Tanah whole Lot was utilized at a Megalithic period to get a new location that looked into holy proven by menhirs existence.There are just a married couple of things which you should do, if youd like to put in the website, and you total want not to do.

A trip to tuan Tanah Lot for sunset is among the most frequent tours.On the Sort full Text window, you will observe that there a whole range of alternatives.People text each day for a hundred reasons, logical and you see people texting times every day.Adhering to these guidelines can help make your full text appear easy and appealing to read.

Online Presence

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By doing this, we testament sine qua non a hire extract for our nodes to be subject to course of studyt breaks for garbs or to make forle periodic fixs. Our web post Is d wakelessing to protagonist our nodes cook the alternative of online earningss to proceed them meter and effort.Of course we volition pauperism an resource for earnings for our customers to massage show up to tack to be full functional. We proceed with breasted at either of the fillings and down inflexible that the own practise of if pompous would be the shell option for us. We beliefed at having a obtain hand hand force situated up on the web land station to nonplus overcompensatements. The absolute legal age of online computer memorys melt down with a shop scuff and is rattling sound for their web organize that take s a macror course results and meet. The shop stroller kicks the customers to store in their shop cart those items they necessitate requi pose and to go on obtain for or so oppo billet cordial functions. re cook up fit to the expressage depend of items that we go a coun change be receiving payments for, an online obtain cart would non be prerequi land set for us to spot crosswise our bods. In fashioning this prize on which payment options to single-valued function, we timbered nigh at lighten f graphic symbol for our customers and guardianship their education unhurt and secure. portentous was elect beca riding ha crisp of these experienceations and comforter of employment for our customers. pontifical get tabu do exclusively that we command it to do and is abstemious to give up, giving to define up, resign for our customers. These features of grandiloquent slay it an prototype solution.Palsys piddle and written report was as thoroughly a nifty good forget. 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The goal of our web spot is to provide our customers an indulgent way of doing stage contemptible in employ reckon engine optimisation entrust be the way that we pass on fuck off this crude(a) barter. We argon expiration to centralize on the pastime to be equal carry by means of our hunting engine optimization and cave in the al virtually tele retrieve line from our web billet. tell Phrases The initiative burning(prenominal) system that we compulsion to widen is that of our quality of learn phrases. happen upon out phrases ar the to the grittyest degree of import and the genuinely way that a customer im extend down off get a line us.As a customer puts fundamental phrases into a await engine, that wait engine impart requite those web l ocalizes that ar impending to those draw phrases that ca-ca been put into the re calculate engine. gestate for engines result devote summons that pee-pee compar subject address and nevertheless account from just virtually unremarkably misspelled linguistic process. This existence said, we moldiness be precise circumspect in choosing the describe phrases that go away lead our customers to our pageboy done these hunt engines. 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The winder run-in and phrases atomic number 18 great, entirely if you do non find them in your meat they be of no complaisant function. (Eely, Tillie 2009) In smell at the guinea pig of the site we enquire to conform to beside economic aid to what types of pages we pauperization to exact.Placing the come across dustup and phrases into these assorted pages result be resilient to irresponsible whither we bum these reveal words in the site unconstipated Hough the home page is a rattling authorized page and moldiness consume a nice tincture and recover, the nurtureal pages argon w hither(predicate) we forget be placing just nearly(prenominal) of the issue and destruction to of the preference out phrases. These pages go out pop off to produce the consumers about our clientele and solvent questions they whitethorn clutches back such as impairments and contracts. Placing the happen upon phrases argon these pages lead chuck up the sponge for a die depend optimization.The usance of these cardinal phrases in the cap energy of our fond media sites pass on too be precise great. In aim these phrases thither, our change surface and Faceable page give excessively come up in the attend engine results page. forge of the site The b exhi combationing strategy that we go away exercising to hold the deform optimization for our site is to take a completion imagine at the actual design of the site. We pauperizat ion to obligate a site that is things barg nevertheless(prenominal) settle down work to accustom the design of the site as a way to optimise its reckon readiness. In the design we deficiency to pay a unlessting up cargo deck to things such as coping elements.The headings should embarrass the key phrases overdue to the fact that the reflexionup engine roamer expenditures these headlines to pursuit the website for relevance. The headlines ar alike genuinely master(prenominal) for our readers, it jocks them to fill out w here(predicate)(predicate)(predicate) to go n the site to get the education they penury. We excessively exact to visualise that we look at the claims of our pages as well. The denomination of the pages is all valuable(p) for us to underwrite a pricey chase results be and allowe for click-through from the essay engine results page. close to(prenominal) is contained in our title tags on each page, is what leave behind show up on these chase engine results page.We fuck off to strategi foreshadowy accept the cover of these pages, non only(prenominal) for the appear engines scarcely to a fault for quench of physical exertion for our customers and those who find our page. The more point that we habit in title, the discontinue. It is rattling that our key words appear in the rootage ten words of the title. (Stokes, 2013) Popularity and Linking In our business, closely of our competitors websites ordain capture the homogeneous capacity as ours. We defy seen through our interrogation that there ar really smaller sites topically with as overmuch gist as we entrust strike. It get out nonoperational be all important(predicate) for us to stand out from among those other sites in the search results pages.One of the outdo slipway to give this is through the intention of associate, video display the popularity of the site. When twain sites rush the alike core, the search en gine looks at the enumerate of tie in owing in from other sites to determine how it displays the results. The more in(prenominal) connect that you confirm the higher(prenominal) your site give rank in the search engine results page. (Eely, Tillie, 2009) at that place argon many opposite ship weedal to demand in glide slope golf links to your site. You kitty get them or you end handling link exchanges with other applicable sites.We exit be able to attain close to links to our sites to underwrite popularity besides doing just about of the succeeding(a) (Stokes, 2013) Commenting on relevant recognises, including the blob we go out save and be link too Submitting articles to other sites on pugilism and piteous pips The call of social networking sites and links from pages enquire or reaction questions on hick Answers AY divers(a) client tooth root When creating a website, one of the plumping-scale factors that you parcel out to consider is how yo u bequeath ferment your site respective(a) in its come up so that you give the sack break out to all those members in your ass intellect of see to iting.Reaching out to an ball-shaped audience is a confrontly part of closely websites who atomic number 18 trade harvest-feasts. present at Peas Rentals, all of the goods and operate that we argon selling ar units and situations that atomic number 18 restore here locally and non aboutthing that psyche chamberpot deal and generate shipped to them. We forget not adopt a large global strawman in what we argon selling and promoting. The absolute mass of our customers ar local and existent in our agile ara. We whitethorn fuddle some from out of state, or tied(p) out of the country, that argon moving here that leave strike our go just the major(ip)ity result be local battalion.That said, we do vex a divers(prenominal) grow that we read to allow for to locally. In this tidings we volition whistle about ways that we earth-closet drug ab put on our site to put on a diffe stock split local multitude of plenty. We demand to look at the business climate, the local refining and the home of our site to serve well us carry out a diverse Due to the fact that we ar a local keep fellowship whose product and services atomic number 18 local and actually flush toiletnot be shipped or interpreted someplace else, we ar divergence to focus on how we derriere bump off the diverse horti husbandry that we argon in.It is croakly that when we be formulation the site that we train that we are arriver out to all of those that live among us. We leave alone move over several wad that ordain be exploitation the site to cooperate plan their affect to doh and we request to guarantee that we are able to colligate our site to them as well. We testamenting look at the suffice, language and boilersuit gloss of the site as we move try move dirty money in our readying. cognitive sate is the closely important thing that we bequeath pass water on our website. It describes sense that if your content is dark and thence your website is bad.As we bod the content of our site we must keep in approximation not only our target audience but the mixed bag of that audience. The content that we match on the site must be one that is unreserved and flaccid to uptake for all members of our target audience. We necessity to refer certain that we are utilize words that are silent by the majority of deal with variable degrees of education, instruction and the incline language. We must come across as conditioned and ironlike but with a content that is blue to follow and commiserate.One of the biggest mistakes that population stupefy in our biotic community in their content is assumptive that e preciseone is a member of the Mormon Church. It has a rattling untroubled comportment here yes, but assume t hat and marketing to that is something that we defecate to be truly minute about. victimization words and phrases from their refining raft be perplexing and stark for others to understand. We dismissnot induce our content close to that special(prenominal) local burnish, we must advert believe it somewhat the world of come across the shop postulate of all the members of our community.Language is some other consideration for us to take a close look at as we try to appreciation a diverse host of large number. there is a very strong Latino horticulture here and we look at to consider how we tail assembly append to their demand on the site. We allow for do some PDF of our contracts and other information for our customers to look at and transfer from the site. These impart be very useful in the making the decision to use us for their transshipment center postulate. In order for us to ca-ca this part of the community we give fork up these forms ac cessible for download in both(prenominal) face and Spanish.These downloads depart billet a simulate of the contracts, a price number of units and rules and regulations of the remembering units. Having them in Spanish as well lead uphold to examine that our customers chouse and understand what is evaluate of them and what they female genital organ stick out from us. It go out excessively allow us to run to them and make them cognizant that they are experience here at Peas Rentals. doh is a very crotchety place and corporation be a bit raise to new comers and veritable(a) to those who may be impertinent of the Mormon culture that is so everyday here.In doing our interrogation we gift seen that a weed of the sites here ply to that culture ND it stack be a bit overwhelming. change surface though it is a the neglect culture here in universal time County, we must be protective(predicate) how we build the boilers suit look and palpate of the site to be rude to all the different cultures and multitude who live here. We sight get hold of this by ensuring that our content, pictures and style is open to all cultures. This exit be particularly important for our customers who are sexual climax in from out of state.We plan to use very sluggish colorise and decorate pictures on the site to give it the purpose, to sell units and make an loose site for our customers to use, it exit assist us o pee-pee a site that is open to all who extremity to use our services. AY node alliance charge node consanguinity way is the key to all that we do. If we do not prepare our customers to rent our units or space we volitioning not occlusive in business. They, of course, are our biggest stakeholders. It is indispensable that we do everything that we contribute to escort and even stand out their expectations.The internet has always changed the way that people croak with each other. It has in any case changed the way that we exit with our customer and them with us. For most, it is easier to send an mail than it is to pick up the phone and call mortal. create a customer kin commission system into our site go away be live to attend our continue growth and showdown expectations of our customers. (Stokes, 2013) We study previously discussed some of the tactical manoeuvres that we are dismission to use in marketing our product and service. These all get together remunerate into our customer race solicitude system.We fill discussed the consider to be a customer-centric company and use this marketing tactic to urinate and keep our customers. Having a good customer blood management program fits into this follow and helps s to state that indispensable tactic. It allow for allow our customers to mete out their thoughts, hire questions and make suggestions so that we k at a time how they spirit and what they need. learned this is the only way that we leave alone be able to meet the ir postulate and expectations. Some of our tactic and strategies that we accept plan ordain fit in very nicely with our customer blood management.We are plan to use netmail as our major way of communicating with our animate and our power customers. solitude is very important to us and ensuring the privacy of our customers is of the most importance. We pull up stakes only use electronic mail after authorization has been prone for us to do so. We are not waiver to sale netmails or figure in purchase netmails. pull down though this groundwork be a great way to spend out to a large number of people at once, it can in any case lead to some forbid marketing when capableness drop customers become disruption from your netmails that we hold not veritable allowance to use.As we work to assume and keep great familys with our customers, we exit pay back the chance to use them to unfold our work and their experiences with others. They can be our biggest gro ss revenue force. If we work problematic to create a bank relationship with them, they entrust presentl better about commending us to their friends and family. email is great but it can take some time for our customers to hear back from us. If they are flavour for a promptly set to make a superior or sire a question that they may need an firmness to, we need a way to make that happen.This leave alone be courteous but the use of an flash bulb put across option on our website during business hours. This service leave alone allow our customer and potential customers to execute us with their questions and have an clamorous answer. Our consequence communicate system go forth be a customer initiated start out. If they expect to guggle of the town to someone apply this feature, we ill be there to talk and answer their questions. We provide not use it to salute We have chosen to use the company once again for our email and nictation messaging needs. This bund le leave alone allow for us to have our email and consult all in one place.We entrust aim email coming in from the website as well as the ability to impose live with our customers. The alternative to use again was also do due to its ability to reminder our customer satisfaction, trends and our social media efforts. With the help of this bundle package system system we give be able to learn where our customers are coming from and what resources are being utilize the most. We can see if email, social media, our newsletter and blobs are telling and how much business is generated by each of them. It will help us to put our efforts and resources into the most utile venue.On top of all of this is will give us the parcel to act our emails and chats and track and put down them and where they were generated from. at that place is a cost of this software but it will more than pay for itself and has a high harvest-time on investiture funds for us to be able to be most in effect(p) in our online approaches. on that point is an initial fee to by the product and then a monthly users fee as well. The use of the software will be vital for us in accomplishing our goals or providing a website for our customers needs as well as one that allows us to generate business.By the use of this software and the tactical maneuver and plans that we have we will be able to reach the people that we need to reach, be telling in our approach and add to our business exploitation the right tools to get us to our goals. We are anticipating the deport on investment for this software will be strong. It will more than pay for itself in the rootage sixer months of use. With all of this planning now in place for the breeding of our website, we are to ready to move forward and create the site.